杭州湖滨

发布于：2023-05-17 13:39:48

A Reconnection of City and Lake

位置：浙江杭州

分类：滨水

内容：实景照片

图片：10张

景观设计：SWA
景观面积：一平方公里

中国杭州西湖是世界上最浪漫的地点之一，它和紫禁城、长城一样，是联合国评定的世界文化遗产之一。杭州作为中国重要的文化中心和旅游胜地，每年吸引超过3千万的游客。而滨湖路，作为西湖岸边的多车道高速公路，已经阻隔了人们接近西湖。
滨湖路可改造的地区是一块狭长的土地，为了重建该区域的经济，消除此区域对于西湖的阻隔，杭州当局邀请了一些知名的专业设计团队，如SWA，浙江南方建筑设计事务所，Jerde Partnership International。该项前后共经历了9个月的开发时间。
设计总平面大概是一个1.5×1.5平方公里的区域，其中第一阶段是沿着西湖的滨湖区域，面积约为总面积的三分之一。此区域的设计，不仅可以消除人们接近西湖的障碍，而且可以开发它作为商务休闲区的潜力。
除此之外，还在区域里设计了一些新的开放空间，来展示历史和文化，并且也保留了原有的古建筑，如千年古刹、宝塔、茶馆等等。还有一些出现在国家博物馆中，能够代表中国文化的相关物品，你也可以在杭州找到。历史遗址的重建中心地区，分布着一些工艺品作坊和具有公众教育意义的机构，总平面中还包括一个形成环路、可循环的交通规划。
整个改造区域在铺装的图案和材料的选择上，都力求展现城市的活力与艺术性，运用了一些有历史的图案，材料选择了花岗岩和粘土砖。而在服务设施的选择上，将艺术性的设施，与传统的建筑元素相结合，有粗制的石材座椅，木制座椅和金属座椅等，而在沿街的步道，你会惊喜的发现一些保留下来的树木，如梧桐、银杏、樟树、柳树、桃树。
整个区域还设计了一系列的公共空间来提升人气，其中包括了以著名诗人苏东坡命名的东坡广场。这个10000平方米的广场可以容纳大量的游客，并为各种类型的活动提供了场地。
此外，该场地的景观照明也经过精心的设计，以期为晚上聚集在这里的人群提供一个生动、活跃的气氛。“水灯笼”就是其中非常出色的景观照明设计作品。整个灯笼的外壳用磨砂玻璃组成，看起来像宝塔一样，里面的照明灯还可以变换不同的颜色，给人带来梦幻般的感受。“水灯笼”和喷泉组合在一起，为连接西湖的步道增添了新的活力与乐趣。
总的来说，此次项目吸取历史经验，将人与文化作为景观构成的决定性因素进行设计，取得了不小的成绩：在2005年，该项目成为全球仅有的三个获城市土地研究的世界级大奖的项目之一。

译者：饭团小组

West Lake in Hangzhou, China, one of the world's most romantic places and as familiar an icon as the Great Wall or the Forbidden City, has been designated by the United Nations as one of the World Cultural Heritage Sites. Seven hundred years later, the city that served ancient emperors as a capitol boasts a population of over three million and is still a cultural center and an important tourist destination in China, with over 30 million visitors a year. As Hangzhou began participating in China's burgeoning economy, HuBin Road, a multilane highway that borders the scenic lake grew out of scale and became a significant barrier to access to the lakefront. Just a narrow strip of land was available for public use and benefited only the owners of property facing the water. In a concerted effort to ameliorate this obstacle and to revitalize the district, the Hangzhou government formed a public /private partnership: the Hangzhou HuBin Commerce & Tourism Redevelopment Authority. Working with a team of design professionals, including SWA Group of Houston, Zhejiang South Architecture Design Institute and Jerde Partnership International, Inc., the "Urban Design Master Plan for the Hangzhou HuBin Commerce & Tourism District" was developed over a nine-month period. The purpose of the plan was to establish a vision for public and private realms that would unite the history and inherent beauty of West Lake with the east shore District (Hangzhou's historic city center) to fulfill its destiny as one of the world's most desired destinations. The master plan encompassed a 1.5 by 1.5 square kilometer area, the first phase of which comprised a third of the area along the West Lake waterfront. In order to recapture the lakefront for urban use, the first impediment to be corrected was HuBin Road. Additionally, planning for development to maximize the lakefront's potential as a recreational and commercial amenity was crucial. The team developed an innovative plan that redirected through-traffic to a four-lane, 1.5-kilometer-long tunnel under the lakebed, approximately 40 meters from the shoreline. The five-lane road was replaced by a multi-purpose, pedestrian-friendly boulevard with a 650-meter-long by 40-meter-wide tree-lined park, waterfront open space and a pedestrian promenade. Four blocks of retail, office, and entertainment venues were located at the adjacent to the waterfront to ensure the economic success of the project. The new development took the place of a rather bleak commercial frontage that was devoid of greenery or human-scaled amenities. To reconnect the district to the lake, an innovative "City Stream" system was developed. Through the employment of the City Stream, fresh water from West Lake flows once again through remnants of the river and stream segments remaining after urbanization of Hangzhou, thereby improving water quality and restoring the natural hydrology pattern for healthy waterways, as well as forming physical and visual connections to the lake. New courtyards, gardens and plazas are intertwined by flowing streams with pools, fountains and cascades fed by water from the lake. These new open spaces also provide stages for both historic and contemporary buildings. Guided also by the desire to celebrate the history and culture of the HuBin District, historic buildings have been preserved, reconstructed and re-used. In addition to the thousand-year-old temples, pagodas, teahouses and moon bridges that dot the landscape around and within the lake, a number of national museums representative of Chinese culture can be found in Hangzhou. The redevelopment of historic sites as centers for the arts and crafts of the region and for educating the public about Hangzhou's rich traditions was an important aspect of the project. The Master Plan, which included a Circulation Master Plan, has also transformed the car-dominated environment into a pedestrian-friendly zone by rerouting traffic to roads for commerce and accommodating parking off of "People Streets"--human-scaled multi-purpose streetscapes. True to the crafts and art of the region, the site furnishings and amenities were custom designed to reflect the richness and vibrancy of the city. Historically authentic patterns carved in granite drain inlets and paving and an array of materials-predominately granite, as well as other indigenous stone and fired clay brick--bring a human scale and richness to the pedestrian circulation system. Site furnishings incorporate traditional architectural elements with new materials to enhance the reconnection of the district and waterfront. Rough-hewn stone seats, as well as wood and metal benches, are generously found along promenades amidst the preserved historic Sycamore, Gingko, Camphor, Willow and Peach trees. The District is now replete with exciting streets and gathering spaces that integrate people, bicycles, cars and transit safely. The Master Plan includes an array of public spaces, including Dong Po Plaza, named for the celebrated poet and politician credited with shaping the city of Hangzhou and West Lake. The 10,000 square meter plaza, scaled to accommodate the immense crowds of visitors for various events, is now a major multi-use gathering space which creates a grand forecourt to West Lake. Lighting has been designed to create a vivid and dynamic atmosphere as well as security for the thousands of people who gather nightly in the District. "Water lanterns", frosted glass cylindrical lanterns resembling pagodas, with color changing lamps, and water fountains, enhance the vibrant promenades and further connect West Lake to the District. "Light Columns" herald the approach to West Lake and landmark Dong Po Plaza. The large plazas are illuminated by more color changing nine-meter-tall glass cylinders. Smaller spaces twinkle with random patterns of changing color lights from beneath the paving and water courses glow in an array of colors. Guided by the precept that the history, people and culture are what define the character and sense of place, the designers have produced an eclectic and poetic mix of old and new which celebrates the qualities of the District. The successful outcome of the Hangzhou waterfront project is an example of a public/private partnership formed to advance a public good and provide opportunities for private real estate development with an aesthetically rewarding design statement. In 2005, the project was one of only three projects world-wide to win the very first Global Award for Excellence from the Urban Land Institute.