纪念堂和倒影池景观

发布于：2023-05-17 13:39:00

Lincoln Memorial Landscape and Reflecting Pool

位置：美国

分类：滨水

内容：设计方案

图片：8张

景观设计：The Sasaki Group和The Louis Berger Group
景观面积：30英亩（约12公顷）
景观时间：正在建设中
图片来源：SASAKI

1922年林肯纪念堂对外开放，美国的中心向着西边波托马克开发的土地延伸了2500英尺，从而创造了又一重大的国家景观。今天，林肯纪念堂和倒影池景观也已成为该国最具代表性的景观之一。随着每年超过450万的游人量，该场地已远远超出了原始设计的承载量，从而对景观、游线等造成了压力，安全性和可达性也有待改进。甚至到最后，由于结构和质量日渐恶化，水量流失迫使管理者每年引入两到三次饮用水，每一次用水量将近600万加仑（22000吨），倒影池里流动着的仅是饮用水。美国国家公园管理局邀请SASAKI公司对这片景观进行升级改造，在保存这座国家级景观形象特征的同时满足时代需求。
SASAKI的设计师们新开辟了通往倒影池的平行道路，用以满足每天数千名从林肯纪念馆步行到二战纪念馆的人群通行。现有的榆树步道将用全新的铺地材料、长椅和LED光源进行升级。设计师还设计了一些通过侧墙围护通往倒影池的下沉小路，这体现了一种新式的安全障碍措施。这些墙连接着原来的坡地，它们采用了与纪念馆相同的花岗岩建造，体现了感官上的一致性。倒影池在基面做了下沉处理，这样它作为新的垂直障碍保证了水池每一个边界间的开放视野。
在对水体进行改造之前，设计师们参考了大量例子来研究如何通过一种更具可持续性的方式为倒影池供应水源。最终他们决定彻底放弃饮用水，重新规划倒影池，用潮汐湖中可过滤、可循环的水源来提升水质。日常用水的补给将由二战纪念馆的地下水库提供。SASAKI将与Louis Berger公司的工程师们一起解决水体规划工程的最终方案。

译者：饭团小组

When the Lincoln Memorial opened in 1922, the National Mall was extended 2,500 feet westward on filled land toward the Potomac, creating a significant new national landscape. Today, the grounds of the Lincoln Memorial and Reflecting Pool constitute one of the most iconic and recognizable landscapes in the country. However, the 21st century has introduced extraordinary new demands on this prominent civic landscape. With over 4.5 million visitors annually, the site was being used far beyond the capacity of the original design—causing stress on the landscape, paths, and other pedestrian areas. Security and accessibility were also outdated. Finally, the Reflecting Pool was filled with potable water and, due to failing structural conditions, water loss necessitated refilling two to three times each year—using nearly six million gallons of potable water each time. The National Park Service sought Sasaki to update and revise this landscape to meet contemporary needs while preserving the defining character of this national landmark. Through an integrated approach, Sasaki resolved accessibility and security issues,increase the resilience of the site, and incorporated sustainable solutions.
Sasaki created new paths parallel to the Reflecting Pool to accommodate the thousands of people who walk each day from the Lincoln Memorial to the World War II Memorial. The existing Elm Walks flanking the Reflecting Pool are updated with new paving, benches, and baffled LED lighting that preserves the dramatic reflective quality of views to the Lincoln Memorial and Washington Monument. Sasaki's design also introduces new paths that descend to the Reflecting Pool with flanking walls that create a new security barrier. The walls relate and connect to the original terraces and are constructed with granite supplied from the quarry used for the Memorial. The Reflecting Pool is deepened at the west end to serve as a new vehicular barrier, thus preserving the open view between the memorials at each end of the pool.
Sasaki studied numerous options during preliminary design for supplying the water to the Reflecting Pool in a more sustainable manner. The selected direction eliminates potable water and plans for the Reflecting Pool to be supplied with water from the Tidal Basin that is filtered and recirculated to improve water quality. Daily water replenishment will be supplied from the sumps in the subterranean pump room of the World War II Memorial. Sasaki worked with engineers from Louis Berger in the final design of the water supply plan and site engineering.
This remarkable project—the largest in the nation by the National Park Service under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act—began in 2009 and was approved by the Commission of Fine Arts, the National Capital Planning Commission, and others in 2010. Design and approvals were expedited by Sasaki's use of 3D visualization images matched to existing on-site photographs to review concepts as well as materials and details of design proposals. Construction will be completed in 2012.