荷兰新水域防线/OKRA

发布于：2023-05-17 12:16:25

New Dutch Waterline – Covered community road at Fort Honswijk by OKRA Landscape Architecture

设计方：OKRA

位置：荷兰

分类：滨水

内容：实景照片

项目规模：30,000平方米

图片：17张

荷兰新水域防线的重要组成部分
水域的重要组成部分是主要防线也被称作主要耐抗线，它是荷兰新水域防线体系中的一部分。该防线是围绕着区域内的城堡铺设而成的，包括水闸，炮台和许多防水抗洪设施。主防线再加上抗洪防线就形成了旧时期（19世纪）荷兰水域防线。根据深度和广度的不同，防线被分为好几个区域。

防线最完美的状态，毋庸置疑就是让水路相隔，互不侵扰，并且给游人带来视觉上的享受。在施工期间，在遵守建设基本准则的前提下，施工方会尽量保留原有的防御设施。相比较原有的防线，新修建的主要防线要更上一层楼。防线西部以密实化为主，因为这里是抵抗洪水的主要区域，而相对洪水威胁较小的东部防线则被改造成一个开放式的公共区域。同时，自行车线路将会穿过东部的防御工事与其融为一体，这是一个长达85公里的环形路线。

防线中的社区道路
Honswijk的社区路线与Lek北部的防御工事是相互连接的，同时也是新水域防线规划的一部分。在这条线路上，通过对现有土质状况的分析，除了翻修了原有建筑之外，还建设了一些具有娱乐性的设施和线路，例如步行和骑行线路。虽然Honswijk的社区的路线规划中包含了一些娱乐性的设施，但是它的主要作用还是抗洪。因此，这块防御大堤无论在选材上还是建造上都遵循了堤坝建设的基本要求。

译者：饭团小组

Main defense line as part of the New Dutch Waterline
The main defence line or sometimes also called main resistance line, is part of the system of The New Dutch Waterline” Spread along the line one finds a sequel of citadels, an enormous amount of smaller objects such as sluices and other water scientific works and the later added casemates. In combination with the inundation fields they form a large 19th century defence system. A large number of cuttings, to be made in embankments form a not directly visible but essential part of the inundation system. The location of that is only visible on chart images. The line has several intensively and extensively defended zones.

The main defense line in its purest shape forms the border between wet and dry and is closely connected to the underlying landscape: during the construction, existing embankments and natural depressed areas are used as much as possible. Because of irregularities in the relief and higher lying accesses in the form of infrastructure and waterways, the inundation fields could not form a continuous water plain. On the weak spots, one now finds the places that most speak to the imagination, where citadels, inundation works and the connecting concentration of bunkers and casemates come together. The spatial image that arises consists of intensively defended accesses surrounded by a high density of objects, succeeded with parts of several kilometers long, without any apparent defense. Interesting about the main defense line is that it passes several landscapes and takes on several forms of appearance. It’s a line that can be experienced at some times but can´t in many other moments.

At this moment we live in a time in which the landscape from the past changes along the main defense line. On a higher level, there already is a focus on a densification West of the main defense line and a larger openness at the Eastside of the line. Bicycle routes passing by the fortifications are merged into a cycle route that physically connects the fortifications. The route will be physically pointed out by boundary marks. Except for the cyclist who travels 85 kilometers – and probably that same distance back- the person who doesn´t follow the complete line, but only part of it would also get the ´perspective of memory´ of the entire line.

The cutting as an intervention
An intervention of the line is critical. Opposite to the rationalism of the military engineering art is the magic of the waterline – and with that, the line that is part of it. A landscape of which we literally cannot imagine the boundary and that has formed a threat that now, in an era of fast transport by land and by air is also hard to imagine can now be flooded. It´s a secret landscape that is not visible but does need to become experienceable again, without loosing the magic of the secret. For this reason, the decision has been made to make ´cuts´ at crucial places that have the character of disguising and revealing the secret. They contribute to the ´story telling´ by means of a series of spots, each with their own cut, different of type, size and story but characterized by the same design and use of material. These limited procedures add continuity along the cycle route and offer an insight into each part of the fascinating system that is the New Dutch Waterline

Covered community road
The covered community road at Fort Honswijk connects a number of defense works at the North-side of the Lek, as part of the New Dutch Waterline. The project of the covered community road near Tull en ´t Waal is interesting because it is part of a pretty neat ensemble, the former gantry of Honswijk, of which the Lunet at the Snel and Fort Honswijk are also part of. The water, the roads and the embankments have a hidden purpose, which is put back on stage within the scope of the recreational development of the New Dutch Waterline. Besides reconstruction of the buildings, re-profiling the earthen bank and making a viewpoint, partial recreational use can be enhanced by improving cycle and foot paths.

Because of the reconstruction of the defense work and the later added hiding places in the adjoining bank one will be enabled to get a feeling of how transports could take place without the enemy noticing. The Covered Community Road at Fort Honswijk is not a damming embankment, but a defense embankment. The main defense line as a system calls for particularization and explanation, much more then concrete lining. By adding the ´cut´ through the embankment, the defensive character of the embankment has been made experiencable and a short walk is made possible. The water lying behind becomes accessible by an entrance through the cut in the ground. Southwards, a series of step stones form a staircase over the embankment, making the defense work accessible.

New cryptography
With that, the plan for the main defense line is based on making intervention producing a readable landscape, by which the line does become special but not always and everywhere. Just like the secret writing with invisible ink becomes visible when it’s lighted by fluorescent light. The recent execution of the plan for the Covered Community Road at Fort Honswijk proves the power of the cut.