巴西纳塔尔体操馆/Herzog & de Meuron事务所

Brazil's natal gym

设计方：Herzog & de Meuron事务所

位置：巴西

分类：体育建筑

内容：实景照片

图片来源：Leonardo Finotti

图片：8张

Herzog & de Meuron事务所建造了巴西纳塔尔的露天体操馆，该项目是瑞士公司的旗舰项目，带动了Mãe Luiza地区的发展。新建的体操馆替代了旧的运动场，这是巴西贫民窟的代表性建筑，能举办多种社区活动。

该运动场保留的旧的结构，新建了曲面的墙和环绕式屋顶。场馆中心有420个座位，有波浪形的外墙。馆内还有比较私人的空间，包括多功能室，用来练舞和上课，还有更衣室和公共厕所。转换角度的话，能看到不同层面的透明设计。每个座位划区有垂直的鳍状设计，通过旋转，呈现出不同的观赏效果，透明的设计也能保护隐私。三角墙式的屋顶比较大，采用了重叠的铝板建造外观，很有层次感，而且利于采光，通风比较好，还能防雨。

屋顶是白色的，周围地区的建筑比较多彩，这里看上去好像是拼图中缺少的那块，相对比较空旷，是城市的新型建筑。里面铺的是水磨石地板，采用当地的建材。游客在参观时，还能看到海景。Herzog & de Meuron事务所在2009年开展项目，为了建立新馆，扩展活动区。场馆沿着主街修建，面向大海。图片来源于Leonardo Finotti。

这里有一个Herzog & de Meuron的项目描述：场馆名为"Arena do Morro" ，是Mãe Luiza城市规划中的第一个项目，2009年，事务所和Centro Sócio Pastoral Nossa Senhora de Conceição合作建造。Mãe Luiza地区并非典型的贫民窟，这个社区有比较独特的自然环境，附近有纳塔尔沙丘自然保护区，海滨进行了商业化开发，周边地区有待于进一步开发。新建的体育场有分层的座位，能容纳420人，里面有多功能室、观景台、换衣间和公共厕所。

场馆保留了旧馆的结构，混凝土地面上有支柱和桁架，建筑的几何造型十分突出。屋顶是单一的，比较大，创建了城区新的设计风格，建成了巴西东北部极具代表性的公共活动场。地面铺上了水磨石，座位区分层设计，很有轮廓感。墙体是波浪起伏的，内部有一些私人房间。

白色的屋顶和周围的多彩建筑形成对比，这里相对比较空旷。两端细长的斜屋顶延伸至社区，好像在邀请人们进去参观。进入馆内，更好地感受到细节的设计。
整体结构比较简单、开放，选用当地的建材。屋顶采用波纹铝板进行组装，透光透气。

下面的墙是曲面的，屋顶和墙形成半透明的薄膜，海风吹进来，十分凉爽，带走了热空气。自然光线充足，比较明亮。到了晚上，场馆有大型的照明灯。整个场馆紧密联系着自然和城市环境，成为当地的运动、休闲和文化活动中心，深受人们的欢迎。Herzog & de Meuron事务所的Jacques Herzog分析过迈阿密的Pérez艺术馆的设计，他认为内部和外部空间的设计不应该有严格的限制，自然就好。

译者： Odette

News: Herzog & de Meuron has completed an open-air gymnasium in Natal, Brazil – the flagship project for the Swiss firm's regeneration of the Mãe Luiza neighbourhood (photos by Leonardo Finotti + slideshow).The Arena do Morro gymnasium was designed by Herzog & de Meuron to replace an existing concrete playing field. As one of several sites in the favela identified as suitable for development, it was adapted to accommodate a wider variety of community activities.

The topography of the playground provided the framework for the new building. The architects left it largely unchanged before adding curvy perimeter walls and a large all-encompassing roof.Custom-manufactured concrete blocks allowed the architects to create the undulating outer walls, framing the 420-seat arena at the centre of the space.These walls also surround a series of more intimate spaces, which include multi-purpose rooms for dance and education, changing rooms and public toilets. Varying levels of transparency were achieved for each by altering the orientation.

"Each block has diagonally positioned vertical fins with rounded edges. By rotating the blocks, different orientations of the fins create various levels of transparency as well as privacy," explained Herzog & de Meuron in a statement.The large gable-ended roof oversails the entire structure, raised up on columns that were already on the site. Overlapping aluminium panels give it a tiered surface that allows the sunlight and cool breeze to enter, but keeps rainwater out.

"The sheer dimension and the uniform white colour of the roof anchor the building in the otherwise coarse and colourful urban fabric of Mãe Luiza," said the firm. "Like the missing piece of a puzzle, it occupies a large vacant lot at the edge of the quarter, completes it, and defines a new and generous civic place visible from afar."

The arena was given a fresh floor surface of locally produced terrazzo, while a new terrace was added to offer visitors a view of the ocean.Herzog & de Meuron first unveiled a vision for the regeneration of Mãe Luiza in 2009. The aim is to build upon the strengths of the existing community to create a sequence of new buildings and activities stretching along the main street towards the ocean.Photography is by Leonardo Finotti.

Here's a project description from Herzog & de Meuron:Our project for the gymnasium "Arena do Morro" is the first project that has been realised within the wider urban proposal "A vision for Mãe Luiza", which we developed together with the Centro Sócio Pastoral Nossa Senhora de Conceição in 2009.

Mãe Luiza is not a typical "Favela" - its identity and character have been formed both by the unique natural setting and the creativity of the people of this strong community. Mãe Luiza is nestled between the protected natural zone of the dunes of Natal and the commercially developed oceanfront. Our urban study identifies the missing and underdeveloped urban activities in the neighbourhood, traces available space within the densely built fabric, and distributes new activities within the areas potentially available for development. The proposal includes a spine (passarela) of new buildings and interventions that will form a sequence of public activities perpendicular to the main street of Mãe Luiza and extending all the way to the ocean. The pioneering architectural project within this proposal is the gymnasium, containing a sports field with tiered seating for 420 people, multipurpose rooms for dance and education, a terrace with ocean views, as well as changing rooms and public restrooms.

The existing structure of the old gymnasium - a concrete field framed by columns and trusses without a roof or walls - defines the starting point for our project. Its geometry is extruded over the entire building area, creating a single large roof whose shape is limited and defined by the site boundaries. The roof introduces a new scale in Mãe Luiza and at the same time establishes a relationship to the widespread traditional approach of using a generous roof to create large public spaces in the North East of Brazil. It becomes a symbol of the community.

Under the roof, the ground forms a landscape made of local terrazzo that follows the existing topography. The seating tiers trace the contour lines of the open field, and the multipurpose room, the dance studios, and support spaces are nestled in between. An undulating independent wall defines the interior perimeter, following the outline of the seating steps around the sports field and the circular shape of the freestanding and more private rooms. The circular volumes underline the communal character of these spaces and the activities within.

The sheer dimension and the uniform white colour of the roof anchor the building in the otherwise coarse and colourful urban fabric of Mãe Luiza. Like the missing piece of a puzzle, it occupies a large vacant lot at the edge of the quarter, completes it, and defines a new and generous civic place visible from afar. The two ends of the elongated pitched roof open up towards the neighbourhood and invite people in. Once you come closer to the volume of the building, its scale visually disintegrates through its materiality and architectural detailing.

The structure is simple and open, reflecting and responding to the local and available materials and construction methods. The roof is assembled of standard corrugated and insulated aluminium panels. Instead of being tightly joined, the panels are installed with open yet overlapping gaps that allow light and air in but keep water out.

The curvilinear wall beneath is made of specifically developed and locally manufactured concrete blocks. Each block has diagonally positioned vertical fins with rounded edges. By rotating the blocks, different orientations of the fins create various levels of transparency as well as privacy. Both the roof and the wall become permeable and translucent membranes that allow the cooling breeze from the ocean to flow through the building and the hot air to escape, filtering the bright natural daylight and animating the entire building in a play of various degrees of light and shadow.

At night, the effect is inversed and the building reveals the activities from within as a giant glowing lantern. The gymnasium is a permeable, fully naturally conditioned building, which transforms and translates the impact of its natural and urban environment into a public destination and focal point for sports, leisure, and cultural activities. Its ultimate success will depend on its day and night programming and its acceptance by the people of Mãe Luiza.

巴西纳塔尔体操馆外部图

巴西纳塔尔体操馆外部图

巴西纳塔尔体操馆内部局部图

巴西纳塔尔体操馆内部局部图

巴西纳塔尔体操馆内部局部图

巴西纳塔尔体操馆图解

巴西纳塔尔体操馆图解