六甲垂枝天文台/Sambuichi建筑事务所

发布于：2023-07-23 17:26:46

Rokkō Shidare Observatory

设计方：Sambuichi建筑事务所

位置：日本神户市

分类：文化建筑

内容：实景照片

图片：11张

图片来源：Arcspace

这座不同寻常的六甲垂枝天文台位于日本神户市，它栖息于海拔接近931米的六甲山山顶。不过与其说游客们来到这里是为了领略四周的风景，倒不如说是为了亲近自然并感受其生息变化。这座灵敏的天文台是由广岛的Sambuichi建筑事务所设计的。从远处看，这座建筑物显得相对的低调谦逊，尤其当你觉得一座山顶应该有一处显眼的地标的时候。它看起来更像是自然地将山顶向上延伸了一点点。但是一旦你走进了这座建筑，你将会不由自主地被它的大气所震撼。六甲垂枝天文台的整体理念紧紧围绕着“水”，因为水固有的瞬息变幻的能力深深地让建筑师Sambuichi着迷。Sambuichi都会特别用心地针对特定场地做设计（他曾经学习过多年的气象学和地质学），六甲垂枝天文台自然也不例外。六甲山天气恶劣、冬季多风，这也导致了当地的一种自然现象：经常有大量的白霜堆积，就像是灌木丛、树枝上散乱的钉子一样。
这座建筑物的极具辨识度的外框架看起来像是一座满是孔隙的圆屋顶，但其实它是由错综复杂的木棍组织起的六边形框架。这种框架可以像周围的植被一样在冬季积累大量的霜。当你上山前往天文台之前，你会首先看到一些阶梯状的水库，而取决于你游览的时间的不同，这些水库将会或多或少地被冰或水填充。在夏秋时分被积蓄起的水会在冬季冰冻住，之后这些冰将会被切割成小块并被送入建筑物的核心部位，然后被放在长凳座椅下的小型密闭隔间。在这里它将会一直度过整个夏天，并不断地为炎热的空气降温，与此同时它也会缓慢地融化，将化为小水滴汇入石板上雕刻出的小水池中。最终，这些水将会重新蒸发并回到大气中，完成它的循环过程，回归自然。
在Sambuichi做过的所有项目中（尤其是这一个），他都非常注重可持续性，甚至有些执拗地坚持要重视可持续性。他是当代少有的将可持续性视作前提而不是障碍的建筑师，同时他采用一种称为“少即是多”的设计理念——这在同领域中极其少见，将极致简洁发展出显著有效的效果。通常来说，Sambuichi属于日本新一代的建筑师，他们已经渐渐厌倦了由高科技支配的当代建筑，他在致力于重新发掘建筑与自然的交汇点。这种归类法在某种程度上说得通，但Sambuichi依然不同于他的同辈们（例如Sou Fujimoto， Junya Ishigami），Sambuichi力图直接从自然中描绘他的灵感，而不是仅仅从概念上。他将建筑视为“地球的细节”，他的这种理念在六甲垂枝天文台的设计上得以具体呈现。这个项目的诗意在于建筑的循环与自然过程的循环间的相互关系，这一切，期待着您去观察与领悟。

The Rokkō Shidare Observatory in Kobe， Japan， is an unusual observatory. It is perched on the top of Mount Rokkō almost a thousand yards above sea level， but here， rather than to observe the surrounding landscape， visitors are meant to witness nature and its shifting states. This sensory observatory is designed by Hiroshima-based Sambuichi Architects. From a distance， the building is relatively unassuming - especially since you would expect a hilltop observatory to be a distinct landmark. It almost seems to be an extension of the hill on top of which it stands. But once you enter the building， you cannot help but feel astonished by the generosity of the design.The overall concept of the Rokkō Shidare Observatory revolves around water， which is the element that fascinates Sambuichi the most， because of its inherent state-shifting abilities.
Sambuichi's projects are generally very site-specific (he spends years on climatic and topological surveys)， and Rokkō Shidare is no exception. The climate on Mount Rokkō， is characterized by harsh， windy winters， which results in a local phenomenon: large amounts of white rime collects like spikes on bushes and tree branches.
The distinguishing outer frame of the building that looks like a perforated dome is composed of an intricate structure of wooden sticks within hexagonal frames. The frames are designed to attract frost in winter in the same way as the surrounding vegetation does. Depending on the time of year of your visit， the terraced reservoirs， which is the first thing you meet as you ascend towards the building， will be either empty or filled with either water or ice. The water collected here in the summer and autumn months will freeze in the winter. The ice will then be cut into small blocks and transported into the core of the building， where it is placed in small airtight compartments under the seats of a bench. Here it will stay throughout the summer， cooling the hot air， whilst slowly melting and dripping into small pools carved in the stone floor. Finally， it will evaporate back into the atmosphere， closing the circuit back to nature.
In all of his projects (and this one in particular)， Sambuichi has made sustainability his main focus， but with a headstrong lo-fi approach. He is one of the few contemporary architects， who sees sustainability as a precondition for architecture instead of an obstacle. At the same time， he applies a certain "Less is more"-logic that is rarely seen in this particular field of architecture， with exceptionally simple and remarkably effective results.Most often， Sambuichi is boxed in with a new generation of Japanese architects， who have grown tired of the technologically dominated architecture of today and who seek to (re)discover the confluence between architecture and nature.This categorization makes sense to a certain degree， but unlike many of his contemporaries (Sou Fujimoto， Junya Ishigami to name a few)， Sambuichi seeks to draw inspiration - not just conceptually - but directly from nature. He sees architecture as "details of the earth"， and you find this way of thinking clearly materialized in Rokkō Shidare. The poetry of the project lies in the interrelation between the circularity in the architecture and the circularity of the natural processes you find yourself there to observe.