巴黎共和广场景观/AREAL

发布于：2023-05-28 17:03:49

TVK transforms Place de la République into Paris' largest pedestrian square

设计方：AREAL + Martha Schwartz Partners

位置：法国

分类：广场

内容：实景照片

图片：15张

共和国广场(Place de la République)，法国巴黎著名广场之一，在市中心偏东北方向，处于三区、十区、十一区的交界处。这个广场跟多数的圆形广场不同，它呈现长方形，长280米，宽120米，且是西北--东南倾斜方向。广场中心有共和国女神大型塑像。
在此次设计中法国工作室的TVK工作室在共和国广场创建了一个更大的步行广场,包括一个新的咖啡馆馆、一处水景和超过150棵树。TVK 工作室对广场最大的干预就是使其更加适应周围的道路布局，并增加广场的面积。这增加的广场大小约为280米宽,120米长,建成之后共和国广场成为巴黎最大的步行空间。
广场的总面积非常大(约为300m×120m),而且处于巴黎的市中心，因此具有重要的意义。重建广场的设计理念是希望打造一个具有多种功能的城市开放空间。广场的建立标志着场地归于平静。现在新的广场最大程度的避开了汽车交通，创建一个大规模的景观平台，成为一个具有多种功能用途的开敞空间。
玛丽安的雕像、镜面水池、展馆以及一排排的树木形成一个强大的轴线。整个场地非常的平整，只有一个大约为1%的非常平缓的坡度。
广场的西南部分有一处大约有162 m²的展馆，这是一个独特的建筑。展馆的构思和设计也是有TVK 的建筑师完成的。它的室内装饰则是由NP2F 的设计师设计的。
为了与广场的设计风格保持一致，展馆的设计放在了最后一个阶段完成。它具有可扩展性和适应性,也是一个强大的存在。展馆内部有一个以“世界与媒体”为主题的咖啡馆,它的完全模块化的室内可以举办各种各样的节日、社会和文化活动，并可以在所有的季节和天气里使用。
广场的地面由不同颜色和大小的地砖铺设而成。广场较为密闭的领域主要采用较暗的铺装颜色，而开放区域则采用较浅的铺装颜色。

景观面积：36000平方米
景观时间：2013年
图片来源：Clement Guillaume

译者：饭团小组

TVK hand over the redevelopment of the Place de la République, inaugurated by the mayor of Paris on June 2013.
Due to its exceptional size (120m by nearly 300m), its symbolic dimension as a representative public statement and its location in the city, the Place de la République occupies a special place in the international hub that is Paris.
The redevelopment of the Place de la République is based on the concept of an open space with multiple urban uses. The elimination of the traffic circle frees the site from the dominating constraint of motor vehicle traffic. The creation of the concourse marks the return of calm in an airy, uncluttered two hectare space. The new square, now skirted by motor traffic, creates a large-scale landscape and becomes an urban resource, available and adaptable for different uses. Clear connections with the large boulevards promote a new balance centred on soft transport for pedestrians, cyclists and public transport.
The statue of Marianne, the reflective pool, the pavilion and the rows of the trees form a strong axis. This harmony is amplified by the serene balance of the mineral element and a very gentle slope of 1%. All these elements contribute to both the interpretation of unitary materials in a perennial and contemporary manner and multiple explorations (colours, water, lights) creating different urban ambiances. The Place de la République is now the largest pedestrian square in Paris.
The south-west part of the square houses a 162 m² pavilion, a unique building, glazed throughout to retain a continuous impression of this singular space. The pavilion was conceived and designed by TVK Architectes Urbanistes. It's interior layout has been designed by NP2F architectes.
The articulation of public and pedestrian areas
Abandoning the traffic circle model
The redevelopment of the Place de la République is based on a decision to create the largest possible public pedestrian area. Paris was in need of an exceptionally large and versatile public place, like an open field in the heart of the city, a feature found in many other large cities. Also, it was essential to move away from the traffic circle model.
Functional & environmental dissymmetry
Two-fold dissymmetry, both functional and environmental, is used along the long axis of the square to blend it into the general urban setting.
Motor traffic has been reorganised. It now runs along the southern edge and two smaller sides of the square only. Now that the traffic runs in both directions and the pavements have been widened, the road is much more similar to the large Parisian boulevards.
Unity and balance
The Place de la République is also open to varied groups participating in a very wide range of activities. The aim of the project was to cater for these users by changing the balance between the roadway and the concourse. The most important challenge was to reunify and harmonise the attributes of a city with those of a local neighbourhood.
The pavilion's design
In line with the principles adopted in the redevelopment of the Place de la République, the "Monde & Médias" Pavilion is a perennial building, designed to last. It is scalable and adaptable, but also is a strong presence, opening onto the square. It is the only edifice in the new square. The Pavilion is sited on the southwest part, in line with the reflective pool and the statue de la Republique. It is fully glazed so as not to obscure the view and provides a continuous vista of the square. The pavilion houses a "World & Media" themed café and its entirely modular interior can host a wide variety of festive, social and cultural events and uses in all seasons and all weathers.
The pavilion is assertively simple in design, comprising a closed volume, 9.29m by 18.20m and 3m high, and a 0.75m-thick roof with an 8.70m cantilever.
The pavilion’s envelope is entirely glazed. The visual impact of its structural assembly is minimal, so as not to perturb the prismatic appearance of the overall volume: the metallic elements are integrated to a maximum and the opening zones are concentrated to create an image of large glazed planes jointed together.
The supporting structure also participates in this self-effacement to achieve transparency: reduced to four small-diameter metallic posts at the corners, it is similar in design to the metallic elements. The roof band is composed of aluminium sheeting whose assemblage is invisible, with its horizontal and vertical aluminium rigidifying elements following the same rhythm as that of the glazed panels.
The cantilever's underside is clad with large sheets of perforated aluminium. Echoing the large symmetrical composition of the Place de la République, the space’s interior organisation is dictated by a partition dividing it lengthways into two distinct and symmetrical areas.
Composition of the area and surface
The surface
The surface consists of paving slabs of different colours and sizes. The shady areas of the square are paved mostly in darker colours, while the open areas are generally paler.
The choice of prefabricated concrete ensures good performance in all weather, offering maximum resistance to the greatest variety of uses. This material also enables the use of monochrome colours, creating continuity with the surrounding surfaces of roads and roofs.
Three types of concrete paving slabs have been used in the square, reflecting its overall layout:
- "large module" prefabricated slabs in the centre of the concourse, to give a wide perspective and cater for large-scale uses,
- "medium module" prefabricated slabs for the rest of the esplanade along the concourse,
- and lastly, "small module" prefabricated slabs (on a more ordinary scale) for the north and south pavements. The bus lane to the north of the square is made of poured concrete.
Levels
The density of the networks present under the Place de la République mean it also serves as a "roof": the site is home to five Metro lines, sewers, telecom tunnels, etc. The levels create a main movement of great simplicity, vital to the spatial comprehension of the square and an understanding of its vastness. The simple 1% incline of the central concourse reveals two wide terraces at the back of the esplanade, in keeping with the scale of the surrounding area. The terraces continue the concourse but are edged to the north with steps. Between these terraces, the ground drops consistently towards the two large palace buildings and the shared trafficked area (pedestrians, cycles, buses, taxis), providing continuity of traffic flow and excellent accessibility.
A large garden, a large concourse
The square is unified by the single grand compositional movement and the one inorganic surface treatment. This unity helps to indicate three distinct sections: the urban garden of over 2,000 m2, planted and organised into several sub-areas; the central concourse of almost 12,000 m2 and 35 metres wide with the statue de la Republique as the focal point; the continuity of all the boulevards, with the road system on three of its sides and the widened pavement (13 metres on the longer side to the south west, which is the busiest side).
The terraces on the Place de la République
At the rear end of the esplanade, two flat terraces are each marked by a single step on three of their sides, which conducive to sitting and socialising. The new tree planting establishes a specific ambiance. The terraces will be equipped with movable structures expressing day-to-day and local themes, and changing with the seasons (roundabout, toy library etc.).
The playground is now located on the east terrace.
Water
Water - in various forms and with a myriad of uses (climatic, social, recreational, aesthetic) - is a key feature of the central esplanade.
The monument basin
The statue de la Republique dominates the centre of the new pedestrian esplanade. The new base takes the form of a large circular basin, at the edge of which visitors can sit, walk, play, or examine the bas-reliefs.
During the summer months, it is filled with water, adding to the number of uses. The base also houses a new lighting system for the statue. Spotlights, sunk under the sheet of water, project moving reflections over the entire monument.
The reflecting pool
On the west concourse of the esplanade, facing the Monde & Médias Pavilion, the theme of water is repeated in a minimal, contemporary version. In summer, a fine sheet of water runs down the 1% slope, covering an area of more than 270m2 (23mx12m). Sprays are connected to this sheet of water. When switched off, they affect neither the topography nor the uses of the concourse, so are almost imperceptible.